社会工作视域下易地搬迁社区老人社区参与体系研究

Research on Community Participation System for Elderly in Relocation Communities from the Perspective of Social Work

摘要: 易地搬迁社区作为我国脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的重要产物，承载着数百万搬迁群众的新生活。然而，搬迁不仅意味着物理空间的转移，更是一场深刻的社会关系重构与身份认同重塑。在这一过程中，老年群体因生理机能衰退、社会网络断裂、文化适应困难等因素，面临着最为严峻的社区融入挑战。本文以社会工作为分析视域，系统梳理了易地搬迁社区老人社区参与的现状特征与政策背景，剖析了当前社区参与体系建设面临的多重困境，并在此基础上提出了提升老人社区参与的策略路径。研究表明，易地搬迁社区普遍面临老龄化程度高、服务供给结构性短缺、老人参与意识薄弱、专业社会工作力量不足等突出问题。社会工作应充分发挥专业优势，从赋权增能、社会支持网络构建、社区营造、文化适应与身份认同重塑以及跨部门协同联动等多个维度，系统构建促进老人社区参与的长效机制，助力搬迁老人从“物理安家”走向“心理安家”。

Abstract: As a crucial outcome of China’s poverty alleviation and rural revitalization efforts, relocation communities have become the new homes for millions of relocated residents. However, relocation entails not only physical relocation but also profound social restructuring and identity transformation. Among the elderly population, challenges in community integration remain particularly acute due to declining physiological functions, disrupted social networks, and cultural adaptation difficulties. This study employs social work as an analytical framework to systematically examine the current characteristics and policy context of elderly participation in relocation communities, identify systemic barriers in community engagement systems, and propose strategic pathways for enhancing elderly participation. Research reveals persistent challenges including high aging rates, structural service shortages, weak participation awareness among seniors, and insufficient professional social work resources. Social work professionals should leverage their expertise to establish sustainable mechanisms through multiple dimensions: empowerment strategies, social support network development, community revitalization initiatives, cultural adaptation programs, identity reconstruction efforts, and cross-departmental collaboration. These comprehensive approaches aim to help relocated seniors transition from “physical settlement” to “psychological integration” within their communities.