探索适应健康中国战略的公共卫生硕士培养创新途径

Exploring Innovative Approaches to Master of Public Health (MPH) Training Aligned with the Healthy China Strategy

摘要: 健康中国战略对公共卫生人才培养提出了“平急结合、医防融合、基层导向”的新要求，而当前我国公共卫生硕士(MPH)培养普遍存在理论教学与实践脱节、基层岗位胜任力不足、应急响应能力薄弱等问题。本文基于能力本位教育与协同育人理论，系统分析了我国MPH培养的现状与差距，设计了一套适应健康中国战略的实战型MPH培养模式，包括培养目标重构、课程体系模块化、实践教学“学–练–战–评”闭环、双导师制优化、毕业评价机制创新以及跨界融合等六大创新路径，并提出了相应的实施保障机制。该模式强调以岗位胜任力为核心，通过沉浸式实训、多站点轮转、项目制实战等方式，着力培养“留得住、用得上”的高素质应用型公共卫生人才，为深化MPH教育改革提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: The Healthy China Strategy has introduced new requirements for the training of public health professionals, emphasizing “integration of routine and emergency response”, “combination of medical care and disease prevention”, and “a primary-care orientation”. However, current Master of Public Health (MPH) programs in China commonly face challenges such as a disconnect between theoretical instruction and practical application, insufficient competency for grassroots positions, and weak emergency response capabilities. Grounded in competency-based education and collaborative training theories, this paper systematically analyzes the current state and gaps in MPH education in China. It designs a practice-oriented MPH training model tailored to the Healthy China Strategy, featuring six innovative pathways: restructuring training objectives, modularizing the curriculum system, establishing a “learn-practice-combat-evaluate” closed loop for practical training, optimizing the dual-supervisor system, innovating graduation evaluation mechanisms, and promoting cross-sector integration. Corresponding implementation safeguards are also proposed. The model emphasizes job competency as its core, and through immersive fieldwork, multi-site rotations, and project-based training, it aims to cultivate high-caliber, application-oriented public health professionals who are “retainable and competent” at the grassroots level, thereby providing theoretical rationale and practical references for deepening MPH education reform.