四川遂宁地区声调的文白异读实证研究

A Study on the Dialectical Variation in Tone between Mandarin and Bai in Sichuan Suining Area

摘要: 文白异读是汉语方言语音接触研究的重要议题。本文以西南官话川黔片成渝小片遂宁方言为研究对象，采用问卷调查与量化统计相结合的研究方法，选取20个方言与普通话调类不一致的常用汉字，对14名受访者开展实验。结果表明：遂宁方言的声调存在系统性文白异读现象，青年群体文读的使用占比显著高于中年群体，中年使用者声调读音整体更稳固地承袭了白读；声调层面的文白异读是遂宁方言受普通话持续影响、逐步向通用语靠拢的典型实证表现。

Abstract: The variation between Mandarin and Bai in dialects is an important topic in the study of dialectal phonetic contact in Chinese. This paper takes the Suining dialect of the Chengdu-Kunming branch of Southwest Mandarin as the research object. It adopts a research method combining questionnaire survey and quantitative statistics, selects 20 commonly used Chinese characters whose tones are inconsistent with Mandarin tones, and conducts experiments on 14 respondents. The results show that there is a systematic variation between Mandarin and Bai in tone in the Suining dialect. The proportion of young people using the variant tone (white reading) is significantly higher than that of middle-aged people. The tone pronunciation of middle-aged users overall more firmly inherits the white reading. The variation between Mandarin and Bai at the tone level is a typical empirical manifestation of the Suining dialect being strongly influenced by Mandarin and gradually approaching the common language.