离婚损害赔偿制度的适用问题研究

Research on the Application Issues of Divorce Damages Compensation System

摘要: 《民法典》出台以来，关于离婚损害赔偿的法律适用条款主要是第1091条规定，若一方与他人重婚、同居、实施家庭暴力、虐待、遗弃家庭成员以及有其他重大过错的，无过错方可以要求过错方承担离婚损害赔偿，而在司法实践中，关于离婚损害赔偿的案件，往往面临取证困难、关于“其他重大过错情形”适用情形模糊，以及赔偿标准不统一等问题。本文旨在明确离婚损害赔偿制度的适用范围与标准，优化举证责任分配、明确赔偿标准的确定、明确兜底条款范围、细化赔偿金额的标准，旨在推动离婚损害赔偿制度的公平性与可操作性。

Abstract: Since the promulgation of the “Civil Code”, the provisions on divorce damages mainly come from Article 1091, which stipulates that if one party remarries, cohabits with another person, commits domestic violence, abuses or abandons family members, or has other significant faults, the innocent party may demand the party at fault to bear the liability for divorce damages. However, in judicial practice, cases involving divorce damages often encounter difficulties in obtaining evidence, ambiguity in the application of the “other significant fault circumstances”, and inconsistent standards for compensation. This article aims to clarify the scope and standards of the application of the divorce damages system, optimize the allocation of the burden of proof, clarify the determination of compensation standards, define the scope of the catch-all clause, and refine the standards for determining the amount of compensation, with the goal of promoting the fairness and operability of the divorce damages system.