资源型城市乡村产业振兴的政企协同逻辑——基于P市灵芝产业政策的案例分析

The Logic of Government-Enterprise Synergy in Rural Industrial Revitalization of Resource-Based Cities—A Case Study of Lingzhi Industry Policy in City P

摘要: 在全面推进乡村振兴战略背景下，资源型城市因长期的“重工轻农”路径依赖，其乡村产业转型面临严重的要素流失与结构固化困境。本文融合新结构经济学、政策工具理论与“官场 + 市场”理论，以东北典型资源型城市P市的灵芝产业政策为单案例研究对象，深度剖析了资源型城市乡村产业振兴的政企协同逻辑。研究发现：第一，在产业转型初期，地方政府作为“有为政府”，通过综合运用供给型、环境型与需求型多元政策工具完成产业“搭台”，有效吸收了早期沉没风险并克服了市场失灵；第二，在产业成长期，以龙头企业为代表的主体发挥“有效市场”功能，依托“三产反推一二产”的商业模式创新与产学研技术攻坚实现产业“唱戏”，成功防范了产业对政策的“温室依赖”；第三，政企深度协同的落脚点在于建立“企业 + 村集体 + 农户”的利益联结机制，实现了资本逐利与富民强村的统一。本文揭示了资源型城市打破低效均衡的微观机制，为广大县域经济探索农业产业化与高质量乡村振兴提供了学理支撑与经验借鉴。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of comprehensively advancing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, resource-based cities face severe dilemmas of factor outflow and structural rigidity in rural industrial transformation due to long-term “industry-heavy, agriculture-light” path dependency. Drawing upon New Structural Economics, Policy Tool Theory, and the “Bureaucracy + Market” framework, this paper conducts a single-case study on the Lingzhi industry policy of City P—a typical resource-based city in Northeast China—to deeply analyze the government-enterprise synergy logic in rural industrial revitalization. The study finds that: first, in the initial stage of industrial transformation, the local government, acting as a “Proactive Government”, utilizes a mix of supply-oriented, environment-oriented, and demand-oriented policy tools to “set the stage”, effectively absorbing early-stage sunk costs and overcoming market failures. Second, during the growth stage, leading enterprises fulfill the function of an “Efficient Market”, leveraging “stage-performing” through business model innovations (where the tertiary industry drives the primary and secondary sectors) and R&D breakthroughs, thereby preventing “greenhouse dependency” on policies. Third, the cornerstone of deep government-enterprise synergy lies in establishing an interest-linking mechanism among “enterprises, village collectives, and households”, achieving a harmony between capital profitability and rural prosperity. This paper reveals the micro-mechanisms for resource-based cities to break inefficient equilibria, providing theoretical support and empirical lessons for county-level economies exploring agricultural industrialization and high-quality rural revitalization.