基于支架式教学的Python编程实验教学改革与实践

Reform and Practice of Python Programming Laboratory Teaching Based on Scaffolding

摘要: 针对人工智能专业Python程序设计课程实验教学中存在的理论脱离实践、学生编程畏难情绪严重、实验完成率低等问题，借鉴支架式教学理论，构建“范例支架→代码补全支架→改错支架→独立编程”四阶递进式实验教学模式。通过逐级降低支架支撑力度，引导学生在最近发展区内实现从代码阅读理解到独立编程的能力跨越。实践表明，该模式有效降低了学生编程认知负荷，显著提升了实验参与度和完成率，为编程类课程实验教学改革提供了可操作的参考路径。

Abstract: In response to issues in the practical teaching of Python programming courses for artificial intelligence majors—such as a disconnect between theory and practice, students’ significant reluctance to engage with programming, and low completion rates—we have drawn upon scaffolding theory to construct a four-stage progressive practical teaching model: “example scaffolding → code completion scaffolding → error correction scaffolding → independent programming”. By gradually reducing the level of scaffolding support, this approach guides students to make the leap from reading and understanding code to independent programming within their zone of proximal development. Practice has demonstrated that this model effectively reduces students’ cognitive load in programming, significantly enhances experimental participation and completion rates, and provides a practical reference framework for the reform of experimental teaching in programming courses.