基于计算机视觉的颅内压模拟测量实验仪器的设计

Design of an Experimental Instrument for Simulated Intracranial Pressure Measurement Based on Computer Vision

摘要: 基于计算机视觉技术设计了一套模拟颅内压测量实验仪器，通过搭建双玻璃管恒压装置模拟脑脊液腰椎穿刺采样环境，结合高帧率摄像头与Python图像处理算法，实现对穿刺针末端液滴滴落过程的动态捕捉与时间间隔分析，建立腰区脑脊液压强与相邻液滴时间间隔的标度关系模型，并推导出模拟颅内压计算公式。该装置具有测量精度高、误差小和稳定性好等优点。本实验采用理想物理模型，将脊髓腔简化为刚性光滑管道，未考虑脑脊液搏动、脑组织弹性等真实生理因素，所推导公式为基于理想模型的理论推导练习。其教学目的为引导学生理解流体力学、泊肃叶定律与计算机视觉在医学测量中的应用原理，在模拟临床情境中体会物理原理和医学实践的内在联系和前沿图像处理技术在医学测量中的应用价值，有助于培养医学生的跨学科思维与医工结合创新能力。

Abstract: An experimental instrument for simulated intracranial pressure measurement was designed based on computer vision technology. A dual-glass-tube constant-pressure device was constructed to simulate the cerebrospinal fluid sampling environment in lumbar puncture. Combined with a high-frame-rate camera and Python-based image processing algorithms, the system realized dynamic capture of the droplet falling process at the tip of the puncture needle and analysis of the time intervals between adjacent droplets. A scaling relationship model between lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the time interval of adjacent droplets was established, and the calculation formula of simulated intracranial pressure was derived. The instrument features high measurement accuracy, small error and good stability. This experiment adopts an ideal physical model, which simplifies the spinal canal as a rigid and smooth pipeline, without considering real physiological factors such as cerebrospinal fluid pulsation and brain tissue elasticity. The derived formula is only a theoretical derivation exercise based on the ideal model. Its teaching purpose is to guide students to understand the application principles of fluid mechanics, Poiseuille’s law and computer vision in medical measurement, and to experience the internal connection between physical principles and medical practice as well as the application value of advanced image processing technology in medical measurement in a simulated clinical scenario, which helps to cultivate interdisciplinary thinking and medical-engineering integrated innovation ability of medical students.