从性恶到礼法：荀子哲学中的社会治理逻辑及其当代反思

From the Evil Nature of Humans to Ritual and Law: The Social Governance Logic in Xunzi’s Philosophy and Its Contemporary Reflection

摘要: 荀子作为先秦儒家现实主义思想的代表人物，以性恶论为理论根基，构建起“礼主法辅、礼法并举”的完整社会治理体系。其思想跳出纯粹道德教化的单一框架，兼顾人性现实、制度约束与社会秩序建构，形成了区别于孔孟心性儒学的治理路径。本文立足于文本原义，厘清“性恶”“伪”等核心概念的本真内涵，梳理荀子由人性论走向礼法治理的内在逻辑；结合当代社会治理现实，选取社会诚信缺失、法律与道德情感失衡两大现实难题，挖掘荀子思想可落地的借鉴价值，同时辨析传统思想现代转化的适用条件与边界，为传统治理智慧融入当代社会治理体系提供学理参考。

Abstract: As a representative of realist thinkers among the Pre-Qin Confucians, Xunzi established a comprehensive social governance system featuring “ritual supremacy supplemented by law and the integration of ritual and law” on the theoretical foundation of his theory of human nature being evil. Breaking away from the single framework relying merely on moral enlightenment, his ideology takes into account the reality of human nature, institutional constraints and the construction of social order, thus forming a governance approach distinct from the Confucian school of mind represented by Confucius and Mencius. Based on the original textual meaning, this paper clarifies the authentic connotations of core concepts such as “the Evil Nature of Humans” and “artificial endeavor”, and sorts out the internal logic from Xunzi’s theory of human nature to his governance thoughts of ritual and law. Combined with the practice of contemporary social governance, this paper selects two typical practical dilemmas, namely the lack of social integrity and the conflict between legal provisions and moral sentiments. It explores the practical reference value of Xunzi’s thoughts, and analyzes the applicable conditions and boundaries for the modern transformation of traditional ideas. This research provides academic references for integrating traditional governance wisdom into the contemporary social governance system.