粪便钙卫蛋白在消化系统癌症诊断与监测中的研究进展

Research Advances in Fecal Calprotectin for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Digestive System Cancers

摘要: 粪便钙卫蛋白(FC)作为一种无创、灵敏度高的生物标志物，最初主要用于炎症性肠病的评估，如今其应用范围已拓展至消化系统肿瘤领域。消化系统癌症严重威胁人类健康，早期发现和精准监测对改善患者预后尤为关键。近年来，随着肿瘤微环境以及“炎症–癌”转化机制研究的不断深入，FC在结直肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌等消化系统恶性肿瘤中的潜在价值逐渐受到关注。本文对FC的生物学特性及其在消化系统癌症中的表达机制进行系统梳理，重点总结其在早期筛查、预后判断及疗效监测方面的临床证据，同时也探讨了FC与其他标志物联合使用的策略。通过整合当前最新研究进展，我们期望为消化系统癌症的临床管理提供新的理论视角和实践参考。

Abstract: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a non‑invasive, highly sensitive biomarker. Initially used mainly for assessing inflammatory bowel disease, its application has now expanded into the field of digestive system tumors. Digestive system cancers pose a serious threat to human health, and early detection together with precise monitoring are especially critical for improving patient outcomes. In recent years, as research into the tumor microenvironment and the inflammation‑to‑cancer transition has deepened, the potential value of FC in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other malignant tumors of the digestive system has drawn increasing attention. This article systematically reviews the biological characteristics of FC and the mechanisms of its expression in digestive system cancers, with a focus on summarizing clinical evidence for its use in early screening, prognosis assessment, and treatment response monitoring. It also explores strategies for combining FC with other biomarkers. By synthesizing the latest research progress, we aim to provide new theoretical perspectives and practical references for the clinical management of digestive system cancers.