从脾论治小儿鼻病

Treatment of Paediatric Nasal Disorders from the Perspective of the Spleen

摘要: 小儿鼻病是儿科临床常见病、多发病，包括变应性鼻炎、慢性鼻–鼻窦炎、腺样体肥大等多种疾病。中医认为，小儿具有“脾常不足”的生理特点，脾虚失运是小儿鼻病发生及反复发作的关键病机。本文从中医经典理论出发，结合现代临床研究，系统阐述脾与鼻在生理、病理上的密切联系，探讨从脾论治小儿鼻病的理论基础与临床思路。重点介绍脾气虚弱证、脾虚湿盛证、脾肺气虚证、脾虚积滞证等常见证型的辨治要点。同时，从“脾–肠–肺”轴角度探讨现代机制研究。

Abstract: Paediatric nasal disorders are common and frequently occurring conditions in paediatric clinical practice, encompassing a range of diseases such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and adenoid hypertrophy. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), children possess the physiological characteristic of “constitutional spleen deficiency”; spleen deficiency leading to impaired transport and transformation is the key pathogenic mechanism underlying the onset and recurrent episodes of paediatric nasal disorders. Drawing upon classical TCM theories and integrating modern clinical research, this article systematically elucidates the close physiological and pathological relationship between the spleen and the nose, and explores the theoretical basis and clinical approach for treating paediatric nasal disorders from the perspective of the spleen. It focuses on the key points of diagnosis and treatment for common syndromes, such as spleen qi deficiency, spleen deficiency with excessive dampness, spleen-lung qi deficiency, and spleen deficiency with food stagnation. Furthermore, it examines modern mechanistic research from the perspective of the “spleen-intestine-lung” axis.