中医治疗骨质疏松性腰椎压缩性骨折的研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Lumbar Vertebral Compression Fractures

摘要: 骨质疏松性腰椎压缩性骨折(OVCF)作为老年人群高发的致残性疾病，给社会及家庭带来沉重的医疗负担。随着现代医学对局部解剖复位与全身骨稳态认识的深化，单纯外科微创干预在改善远期微环境及防治残余痛方面的局限性日益显现。中医学基于“骨断筋伤”与“脏腑气血失调”的理论渊源，发挥整体观念与辨证论治优势，在弥补西医治疗短板中展现出独特价值。本文系统梳理OVCF的中医病因病机、分期内治、外治协同及微观网络研究进展，以期为中西医结合临床路径的优化提供高等级循证依据，并对现有研究的方法学局限进行客观评价，展望了中西医协同及数字化骨科与中医药结合的未来发展趋势。

Abstract: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), as a highly prevalent and debilitating disease among the elderly population, impose a heavy medical burden on both society and families. With the deepening understanding of local anatomical reduction and systemic bone homeostasis in modern medicine, the limitations of sole surgical minimally invasive interventions in improving the long-term microenvironment and preventing residual pain have become increasingly prominent. Based on the theoretical origins of “fractured bones and damaged tendons” and “dysregulation of visceral Qi and blood”, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) leverages its advantages of holistic conception and syndrome differentiation, demonstrating unique value in addressing the shortfalls of Western medical treatments. This article systematically reviews the research progress on the etiology, pathogenesis, staged internal treatment, synergistic external treatment, and molecular micro-network mechanisms of TCM for OVCF. It aims to provide high-level evidence-based support for optimizing clinical pathways integrating Chinese and Western medicine, objectively evaluate the methodological limitations of current studies, and prospect the future trends of Chinese-Western medical synergy as well as the integration of digital orthopedics with TCM.