肠–脑轴视角下孤独症谱系障碍儿童胃肠功能紊乱的研究进展
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Gut-Brain Axis Perspective
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1672721, PDF,   
作者: 王丽侠, 王心如：延安大学延安医学院，陕西 延安；钟红平*：延安大学附属医院儿科，陕西 延安
关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍；胃肠功能紊乱；肠–脑轴；干预策略；Autism Spectrum Disorder； Gastrointestinal Dysfunction； Gut-Brain Axis； Intervention Strategies
摘要: 孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是以社交障碍及重复刻板行为为特征的神经发育障碍，近年研究揭示其与胃肠功能紊乱存在高度共病，ASD儿童胃肠症状发病率显著高于普通儿童。本文基于肠–脑轴双向调控理论，系统综述ASD儿童胃肠功能紊乱的流行病学特征、病理机制(包括肠道菌群失调、肠屏障功能障碍、免疫炎症及神经递质异常)、临床表现及诊断评估方法，并重点总结益生菌、饮食干预、粪菌移植等基于肠–脑轴的干预策略最新进展，探讨未来研究方向，旨在为ASD儿童的综合管理提供理论依据与临床指导。
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Recent studies have revealed a high comorbidity between ASD and gastrointestinal dysfunction, with the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms being significantly higher in children with ASD than in typically developing children. Based on the theory of bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis, this article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, pathological mechanisms (including gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune inflammation, and neurotransmitter abnormalities), clinical manifestations, and diagnostic and assessment methods of gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with ASD. It also highlights the latest advances in gut-brain axis-based intervention strategies, such as probiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation, and discusses future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and clinical guidance for the comprehensive management of children with ASD.
文章引用：王丽侠, 王心如, 钟红平. 肠–脑轴视角下孤独症谱系障碍儿童胃肠功能紊乱的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(7): 1950-1960. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1672721

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