《高等教育法》视域下地方高校办学自主权落实困境与法治保障

Predicaments in the Implementation of School-Running Autonomy of Local Universities and Legal Safeguards from the Perspective of the Higher Education Law

摘要: 《高等教育法》确立了地方高校的法人地位与办学自主权，为地方高校自主发展提供了根本法治遵循。地方高校作为高等教育体系的中坚力量，其办学自主权的有效落实，是激发院校办学活力、服务区域发展、推动高等教育内涵式发展的关键。本文立足法治视角，以《高等教育法》为核心依据，梳理地方高校办学自主权落实的现实支撑，剖析当前行政管控固化、校内治理滞后、法治保障不足三大核心困境，结合高等教育“放管服”改革实践，提出完善法治体系、厘清政校权责、优化校内治理的三大法治保障路径，为推动地方高校办学自主权落地见效、完善高等教育治理体系、提升治理能力提供理论参考与实践指引。

Abstract: The Higher Education Law establishes the legal person status and school-running autonomy of local universities, which serves as the fundamental legal guarantee for their independent development. As a backbone of the higher education system, local universities can boost institutional vitality, serve regional growth and advance connotative development only when school-running autonomy is fully implemented. From the perspective of the rule of law and based on this law, this paper sorts out the practical support for the exercise of autonomy, and analyzes three major problems: rigid administrative control, backward internal governance and insufficient legal protection. Combined with the “streamlining administration, delegating power, improving regulation and optimizing services” reform in higher education, it puts forward three solutions: improving the legal system, clarifying powers and responsibilities between government and universities, and optimizing internal governance. This research provides theoretical reference and practical guidance for implementing school-running autonomy and improving the governance system and capacity of higher education.