城市体检支撑县域城市更新的路径优化与效能提升——基于华北Q县的案例分析

Path Optimization and Efficiency Improvement of Urban Health Assessment Supporting County-Level Urban Renewal—A Case Study of Q County in North China

摘要: 城市体检是城市更新由经验判断转向证据支撑的重要前置环节。本文结合华北Q县三年城市体检工作实践，立足老旧小区改造、基础设施升级等县域城市更新重点领域，剖析城市体检与城市更新在问题识别、项目生成、实施反馈和长效管护中的衔接机制。在文献综述与理论分析基础上，文章将城市体检界定为一种兼具诊断评估、信息工具和协同治理平台属性的前置诊断机制，并从规划适配、项目排序、技术治理和公众参与四个方面总结Q县实践。研究认为，县域城市更新应以可核验数据为基础，以居民需求和设施安全为重点，在有限资源条件下提高更新项目的精准性和持续性。同时，本文补充讨论了县域实践在数据质量、资金统筹、部门协同与居民参与深度方面的局限。

Abstract: Urban health assessment is a critical precondition shifting urban renewal from experience-based judgment to evidence-driven practice. Based on three years of practice in Q County, North China, focusing on old residential community renovation and infrastructure upgrading, this paper analyzes its linkage mechanism with urban renewal in problem identification, project generation, implementation feedback and long-term management. Grounded in literature review and theoretical analysis, it defines the assessment as a mechanism integrating diagnostic evaluation, information support and collaborative governance, and summarizes local practices in planning adaptation, project prioritization, technical governance and public participation. Results show that data-based, demand- and safety-oriented county-level urban renewal improves project accuracy and sustainability under limited resources, with limitations in data quality, funding coordination, interdepartmental collaboration and public participation depth.