不同组合填料生物滤池对城市更新区暴雨径流净化效果研究

Study on the Purification Performance of Biological Filters with Different Combined Fillers for Stormwater Runoff in Urban Renewal Areas

摘要: 随着城市建设加快，暴雨径流携带的悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)、氮(N)、磷(P)等传统污染物对城市水生态安全构成严峻威胁。为提升生物滤池在暴雨径流污染控制中的净化效率，探究不同填料组合的削减效果具有重要意义。本研究以合肥骆岗公园为研究对象，通过模拟径流试验系统比较了河砂、河砂 + 绿沸石、河砂 + 污泥及河砂 + 生物炭四类常见填料组合对污染物的削减效果。结果显示，河砂 + 绿沸石组合对SS、COD、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为84.3%、55.5%、55.2%、78.9%，综合效果最佳。其优越性能主要归因于绿沸石规则的微孔结构和较高的比表面积，可通过物理筛分和表面吸附有效截留悬浮颗粒，并通过阳离子交换反应促进氮素去除。本研究结果表明，组合填料生物滤池，尤其是河砂 + 绿沸石在强化暴雨径流污染物削减方面具有显著优势，为城市更新区水环境治理提供了新的技术路径，未来应结合植被配置和长期运行监测，进一步验证其工程应用的可行性与可持续性。

Abstract: With the acceleration of urban construction, conventional pollutants such as suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other emerging pollutants carried by rainstorm runoff. To enhance the purification efficiency of bioretention systems in stormwater pollution control, it is essential to investigate the pollutant removal performance of different filler combinations. This study takes Luogang Park in Hefei City, the capital of Anhui province as the research object, and compares the pollutant reduction effects of four common filler combinations, namely river sand, river sand + green zeolite, river sand + sludge, and river sand + biochar, through a simulated runoff experimental system. The results showed that the average removal rates of SS, COD, TN, and TP by the combination of river sand and green zeolite were 84.3%, 55.5%, 55.2%, 78.9%, respectively, with the best comprehensive purification performance. The superior performance was mainly attributed to the regular microporous structure and high specific surface area of green zeolite, which effectively intercepted suspended particles through physical sieving and surface adsorption, while promoting nitrogen removal via cation-exchange reactions. The results of this study show that the combined filler biofilter, especially river sand + green zeolite, has significant advantages in strengthening the reduction of storm runoff pollutants, providing a new technical path for water environment management in urban renewal areas. In the future, the feasibility and sustainability of its engineering application should be further verified in combination with vegetation configuration and long-term operation monitoring.