当代汉语动词性模标“走”及其构词考察

An Investigation into the Verbal Model Marker Zǒu and Its Word Formation in Contemporary Chinese

摘要: 文章从历时比较、构词类型、构词性质和语义演变入手，对当代汉语动词性模标“走”及其构词情况进行了多方面考察。历时比较方面，对动词性模标“走”1978年前后的构词数量进行了统计和对比分析，为当代汉语词汇系统在共时层面的能产性提供了有力的历时视角证据。构词类型性质方面，发现“走X”多为动宾、动补和偏正结构，倾向于动词性，“X走”多为偏正结构，倾向于名词性。语义演变方面，对动词性模标“走”及其构词的义项发展、语义透明度进行了研究。作为观测当代汉语词汇衍生与动态发展的关键案例，研究可以更好地为国际中文词汇教学及汉语词典编纂修订等社会应用服务。

Abstract: Drawing upon diachronic comparison, word-formation types, word-formation properties, and semantic evolution, this paper presents a multi-faceted investigation of the verbal model marker zǒu and its formations in contemporary Chinese. In terms of diachronic comparison, a statistical and contrastive analysis is conducted of the number of zǒu-related formations before and after 1978, thereby providing robust diachronic evidence for the synchronic productivity of the contemporary Chinese lexicon. Regarding word-formation types and properties, it is found that “zǒu-X” structures are predominantly verb-object, verb-complement, and modifier-head constructions and tend to be verbal, whereas “X-zǒu” structures are mostly modifier-head constructions and tend to be nominal. As for semantic evolution, the study examines the sense development and semantic transparency of the verbal model marker zǒu and its formations. Serving as a key case for observing lexical derivation and dynamic development in contemporary Chinese, this research can better serve practical applications such as international Chinese vocabulary teaching and the compilation and revision of Chinese dictionaries.