绕阳河底栖动物群落结构特征研究

Characteristics of Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in the Raoyang River

摘要: 为探究绕阳河底栖动物群落结构特征，于2024年10月、2025年4月分别于秋季、春季开展底栖动物调查，在绕阳河设置采样点进行采样，采用彼得生采泥器、D型网分别采样，统计了密度、生物量及群落多样性指数等。共记录到底栖动物3门9属19种，节肢动物最多，有10种。在绕阳河底栖动物调查中，2#点秋季生物量最高，为10.45 mg/m²；3#点秋季生物量最低，为6.17 mg/m²；2#点春季密度最高，为26.90 ind./m²；8#点春季密度最低，为13.45 ind./m²。绕阳河秋季底栖动物密度、生物量明显大于春季。水温、透明度、营养盐浓度等环境因子对底栖动物群落的组成和分布有较为明显的效应。由冗余分析(RDA)可知水温(WT)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和透明度(SD)等环境因子都显著影响了底栖动物群落。研究可为绕阳河流域的生态保护，并为水质改善提供基础数据和科学参考。

Abstract: To investigate the community structure characteristics of macroinvertebrates in the Raoyang River, field surveys were conducted in October 2024 (autumn) and April 2025 (spring). Samples were collected at designated sampling sites using a Petersen grab sampler and a D-frame net. Parameters including density, biomass, and community diversity indices were quantified. A total of 19 species belonging to 9 genera and 3 phyla were recorded, with Arthropoda being the most diverse group, comprising 10 species. Among the surveyed sites, Site 2# exhibited the highest autumn biomass (10.45 mg/m²), while Site 3# recorded the lowest autumn biomass (6.17 mg/m²). In spring, the highest density was observed at Site 2# (26.90 ind./m²), and the lowest at Site 8# (13.45 ind./m²). Both density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were substantially higher in autumn than in spring. Environmental factors such as water temperature, transparency, and nutrient concentrations exerted pronounced effects on the compositional and distributional patterns of the community. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that water temperature (WT), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and transparency (SD) were significant environmental drivers influencing the macroinvertebrate community. This study provides foundational data and scientific reference for ecological conservation and water quality improvement in the Raoyang River basin.