语用等效视角下《心灵奇旅》文化幽默的字幕翻译策略

Subtitling Strategies for Cultural Humor in Soul from the Perspective of Pragmatic Equivalence

摘要: 影视字幕翻译中的幽默传递是翻译研究的难点，尤其是依赖文化背景或语言形式的幽默，容易在跨文化转换中失效。本文以语用等效理论为框架，从社交语用等效与语用语言等效两个维度，分析动画电影《心灵奇旅》官方中文字幕对文化专有型幽默和语言游戏型幽默的翻译策略。研究发现：在社交语用等效维度下，译者对文化预设差异较大的表达倾向于舍弃形象、保留交际意图，而对可借用的文化概念则采用归化策略，实现了较好的等效；在语用语言等效维度下，译者对习语采用功能对等译法，对夸张表达则在字面准确与口语效果之间有所权衡。本文认为，影视幽默翻译应根据幽默来源的不同维度灵活选用翻译策略，优先评估目标观众的认知环境，必要时进行归化处理以提升语用等效。

Abstract: The transmission of humor in audiovisual subtitling poses a significant challenge in translation studies, especially for humor that relies on cultural background or linguistic forms. This paper adopts the framework of pragmatic equivalence, specifically its two dimensions—sociopragmatic equivalence and pragmalinguistic equivalence—to analyze the strategies employed in the official Chinese subtitles of the animated film Soul for culture-specific humor and wordplay humor. The findings show that from the sociopragmatic perspective, the translator tends to sacrifice imagery while retaining communicative intent when cultural presuppositions differ significantly, and adopts domestication strategies when borrowable cultural concepts are available, achieving satisfactory equivalence. From the pragmalinguistic perspective, the translator adopts functional equivalence for idioms and makes trade-offs between semantic accuracy and colloquial effect for hyperbolic expressions. The paper suggests that subtitling of cultural humor should adopt flexible strategies based on the source of humor, prioritize the target audience’s cognitive environment, and employ domestication when necessary to enhance pragmatic equivalence.