监利方言本字考

A Study on the Etymological Characters of Jianli Dialect

摘要: 本文的核心部分是对“滗、菢、敹、晏、渳、睩、跨、跍、靸、敨”这十个监利方言常用动词、形容词的本字进行考证。由于缺乏规范用字记载，这类方言词普遍存在有音无字、俗写混杂、本字失考等问题，不利于方言词汇的系统整理与研究。本文立足监利方言实际语音与具体语义用法，遵循古今音变对应规律，以《说文解字》《广韵》《集韵》等经典训诂、音韵文献为依据，逐一溯源核验，辨析字形真伪、梳理词义源流，论证十字本字的准确性与适用性。本次个案考证厘清了部分方言俗写字的讹误问题，弥补了监利赣语大通片微观词汇研究的不足，可为监利方言词汇整理、方音演变研究以及区域方言对比研究提供可靠的实证支撑。

Abstract: This paper investigates the original characters of ten commonly used verbs and adjectives in the Jianli dialect. Lacking standardized written records, these dialectal items are often recorded with arbitrary or erroneous forms, which impedes the systematic sorting and in-depth study of dialect vocabulary. Based on the phonetic features and semantic usage of Jianli dialect, this paper strictly follows the rules of historical phonetic evolution. By referring to traditional authoritative works including Shuowen Jiezi, Guangyun and Jiyun, this study verifies the original form and etymology of each character, distinguishes standard writing from popular false characters, and demonstrates the rationality of the identified original characters. This research corrects existing writing confusions, fills the gaps in micro lexical studies of the Datong subdialect of Gan Chinese, and provides reliable empirical evidence for the sorting of Jianli dialect vocabulary, the exploration of phonetic evolution, and comparative research on regional dialects.