从“赔后”到“防前”：重大突发公共事件风险减量管理的困境与突围

From Post-Indemnity to Pre-Prevention: Dilemmas and Breakthroughs of Risk Reduction Management in Major Sudden Public Emergencies

摘要: 近年来重大突发公共事件频发，公共安全治理逐步由事后赔付转向事前预防，风险减量成为核心抓手。我国风险减量管理已在农业、安全生产、道路交通领域形成较为成熟实践模式并取得实效，但仍面临法律细则不完善、风险识别能力不足、科技应用浅层化等多重困境。本文结合国内外经验，剖析三大领域应用现状与现存问题，从健全法律法规、培养专业人才队伍、深化科技融合三方面提出优化路径，旨在推动风险减量管理体系的建立，助力突发公共事件防控能力提升。

Abstract: In recent years, major sudden public emergencies have occurred frequently, and public security governance has gradually shifted from post-event compensation to pre-event prevention, with risk reduction emerging as a core measure. China has developed relatively mature practical models of risk reduction management in agriculture, work safety, and road transportation, yielding tangible results. Nevertheless, it still faces multiple dilemmas including imperfect legal detailed rules, inadequate risk identification capacity, and superficial application of science and technology. Drawing on domestic and international experience, this paper analyzes the application status and existing problems in the three aforementioned sectors, and proposes optimization approaches from three dimensions: improving laws and regulations, fostering professional talent teams, and deepening integrated application of science and technology. It aims to facilitate the construction of a risk reduction management system and strengthen the capacity to prevent and control sudden public emergencies.