围绝经期综合征病证结合动物模型构建方法与评价进展

Establishment and Evaluation Progress of Disease-Syndrome Combined Animal Models for Menopausal Syndrome

摘要: 围绝经期综合征(Menopausal syndrome, MPS)是女性绝经前后因卵巢功能衰退导致雌激素水平下降所出现的月经紊乱、潮热盗汗、烦躁易怒、头痛失眠等一系列躯体及心理症状，严重影响患者生活质量。构建稳定可靠的动物模型是链接基础研究与中药研发的重要纽带。目前MPS疾病模型复制方法主要有去卵巢法、化学诱导法、物理应激法及自然衰老法，评价以性激素水平、阴道脱落细胞指标为主。通过单一或复合诱因干预，可进一步构建肾阴虚、肾阳虚、肾虚肝郁等病证结合模型，证候评价体系涵盖宏观表征、行为学测试、微观指标检测及方药反证法。本文系统梳理MPS病证结合动物模型的复制方法与评价指标，分析现存的核心问题并提出优化方向，以期为中药药效机制探究和临床新药研发提供实验支撑。

Abstract: Menopausal syndrome (MPS) is characterized by a series of physical and psychological manifestations, including menstrual disorders, hot flashes, night sweats, irritability, headache, and insomnia. These symptoms arise from ovarian dysfunction and the consequent estrogen depletion, which seriously impair patients’ quality of life. The development of stable and reliable animal models serves as a vital link between basic research and the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Currently, the mainstream approaches for establishing MPS disease models include ovariectomy, chemical induction, physical stress stimulation and natural aging. The evaluation of these models mainly focuses on sex hormone levels and vaginal cytological detection indices. On the basis of the above disease models, integrated MPS models with TCM syndromes such as kidney yin deficiency, kidney yang deficiency, kidney deficiency with liver qi stagnation, spleen-kidney yang deficiency and heart-kidney disharmony can be constructed via single or combined intervention strategies. The evaluation system for TCM syndromes mainly consists of macroscopic phenotypic observation, behavioral assessment, detection of microscopic biomarkers, and efficacy validation with corresponding herbal formulas. This study systematically reviews the modeling protocols and evaluation criteria of MPS disease-syndrome combined animal models, analyzes key challenges in current model, and puts forward corresponding optimization strategies, with the aim of providing experimental support for the investigation of the mechanisms of action of TCM and the development of new clinical drugs.