近现代《论语》注本比较研究：以杨树达《论语疏证》与钱穆《论语新解》为中心

A Comparative Study of Modern and Contemporary Analects Commentaries: Centering on Yang Shuda’s Analects Subcommentary and Qian Mu’s New Interpretation of the Analects

摘要: 本文以杨树达《论语疏证》与钱穆《论语新解》为中心，比较二者在学术背景、编撰缘起、解读方法及语言风格上的差异。研究表明，杨树达深受乾嘉朴学与近代实证思潮影响，以“以史证经”为核心，构建严密的史料互证体系，语言客观克制，重在考据之“真”。钱穆则以“温情与敬意”为治学的情感基调，以“直明本义”与“折衷求是”为宗旨，语言平易近人，侧重义理的现代阐释与经世致用，重在义理之“用”。二者共同体现了近现代学人在中西文化碰撞中不同的治学取向与对文化传承的关切，对当代经典诠释具有重要的启示意义。

Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study of Yang Shuda’s Analects Subcommentary (Lunyu Shuzheng) and Qian Mu’s New Interpretation of the Analects (Lunyu Xinjie), focusing on their differences in academic background, editorial origins, interpretive methods, and linguistic style. The study shows that Yang Shuda, deeply influenced by the Qian-Jia school of Evidential Learning and modern empirical thought, adopts a “verifying the classics through history” approach, constructing a rigorous system of cross-referenced historical sources. His language is objective and restrained, emphasizing the “truth” of textual verification. In contrast, Qian Mu, on the other hand, adopted “warmth and reverence” as the affective foundation of his academic work. pursues the goals of “clarifying the original meaning directly” and “seeking truth through synthesis”. His language is accessible and plain, focusing on the modern reinterpretation of core Confucian principles and their practical application, thereby emphasizing the “utility” of moral teachings. Together, these two works exemplify the distinct scholarly orientations and shared concern for cultural transmission assumed by modern Chinese scholars in the context of East-West cultural interaction, offering significant insights for contemporary classical interpretation.