生存悬置：农村留守青少年社会联结缺失与修复机制研究

Existential Suspension: A Study on Social Connectedness Deficiency and Repair Mechanisms among Rural Left-Behind Adolescents

摘要: 城镇化进程中，农村劳动力大规模向城市转移催生了数量庞大的农村留守青少年群体。本研究以云南省保山市M村12~16岁初高中留守青少年为研究对象，通过田野调查与文献梳理，剖析其“生存悬置”困境的现实图景、生成逻辑及社会联结修复路径。其“生存悬置”状态的形成，根源于人口流动与产业调整驱动的成长环境变迁、代际间成长秩序断裂引发的重构困境，以及价值认同危机与行为选择的迷茫失范的叠加。研究认为，需从强化内在发展能力、重塑亲子愈合纽带、促进同伴联结增生、构建社区支持网络及优化乡村产业结构五个维度协同发力，形成政府、家庭、学校、社区多方联动的系统性治理路径，从而为完善农村留守青少年关爱服务体系、激活乡村人才振兴内生动力提供学理参考与实践启示。

Abstract: Amid rapid urbanization, the large-scale transfer of rural labor to cities has generated a substantial population of left-behind adolescents in rural areas. This study focuses on left-behind adolescents aged 12~16 attending junior and senior high schools in M Village, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. Through fieldwork and literature review, it examines the realistic manifestations, generative logic, and social connectedness repair pathways of their “existential suspension” predicament. The formation of this existential suspension is rooted in the convergence of three intertwined factors: environmental changes driven by population mobility and industrial restructuring, reconstruction dilemmas triggered by the rupture of intergenerational growth orders, and identity crises compounded by anomic behavioral choices. The study contends that systematic governance, involving coordinated efforts across five dimensions—strengthening intrinsic developmental capacities, reshaping parent-child bonding, fostering peer connectedness, building community support networks, and optimizing rural industrial structures—is essential to address this issue. Such a multi-stakeholder approach, engaging government, families, schools, and communities, can offer both theoretical insights and practical implications for improving the care service system for rural left-behind adolescents and for unlocking the endogenous momentum of rural talent revitalization.