国能铁路机车长交路运用方案保障措施研究

Research on Safeguard Measures for the Long-Distance Operation Plan of State Energy Railway Locomotives

摘要: 机车长交路是提升国家能源集团铁路跨线重载运输效率、压缩枢纽技术作业时间、提高机车周转效率的重要组织方式。与传统短交路相比，长交路具有跨公司、跨区段、运行距离长和作业协同链条长等特点，规模化实施不仅取决于机车牵引能力，还取决于设施设备兼容、安全制度衔接、机务整备保障、乘务组织和调度指挥等系统条件。本文借鉴“现状–问题–对策”的分析思路，在梳理国家能源集团铁路长交路运用管理概况的基础上，重点分析当前长交路开行在设备标准、行车规章、费用清算、机务资源、乘务休整和跨线调度等方面存在的制约因素，并围绕“设施设备、安全制度、机务组织、乘务保障、调度指挥”五个维度提出保障措施。研究认为，构建集团层面的统一技术标准、统一安全规范、内部模拟市场化清算机制、机车资源共享与异地整备体系、防超劳机制以及跨线一体化调度体系，是支撑国家能源集团铁路机车长交路常态化、安全化和高效率运行的关键。研究方法上，本文采用案例研究法，以国家能源集团铁路机车长交路运用为典型案例，综合运用专家访谈、内部文档分析、运行资料梳理和问题归纳等方法收集证据；分析过程中引入供应链协同与网络组织理论，将长交路保障理解为跨公司、跨专业、跨节点的协同治理问题，以增强研究的理论解释力。此外，本文进一步引入不披露原始数据的简化效益测算模型，通过周转时间压缩量、接续时间改善率、枢纽通过效率提升率和机车运用效率提升率等相对指标，对保障措施的潜在效益进行估算，以增强方案的可验证性和说服力。

Abstract: Long-haul locomotive operations are a key organizational approach for enhancing the efficiency of heavy-haul cross-line transportation on the National Energy Railway, reducing technical turnaround times at hubs, and improving locomotive turnover efficiency. Compared to traditional short-haul routes, long-haul routes are characterized by cross-company and cross-section operations, long running distances, and extended operational coordination chains. Their large-scale implementation depends not only on locomotive traction capacity but also on systemic conditions such as facility and equipment compatibility, the integration of safety regulations, locomotive maintenance support, crew organization, and dispatch command. Drawing on the “current status-problems-solutions” analytical framework, this paper first outlines the general management landscape of long-route operations on the Guoneng Railway. It then focuses on analyzing the constraints currently facing long-route operations in areas such as equipment standards, operating regulations, cost settlement, locomotive resources, crew rest and recuperation, and cross-line dispatching. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes supporting measures across five dimensions: “facilities and equipment, safety regulations, locomotive operations, crew support, and dispatch command.” The study concludes that establishing unified technical standards and safety regulations at the group level, an internal simulated market-based settlement mechanism, a system for shared locomotive resources and off-site maintenance, a rotation and anti-overwork mechanism, and an integrated cross-line dispatch system are key to supporting the regular, safe, and efficient operation of long-distance locomotive services on the State Energy Railway. Methodologically, this paper adopts a case study approach, taking the long-distance locomotive operation of the State Energy Railway as a typical case. Evidence is collected through expert interviews, internal document analysis, operating data review, and problem induction. The analysis further draws on supply chain collaboration and network organization theories to interpret long-distance locomotive operation as a cross-company, cross-functional, and cross-node coordination issue. In addition, a simplified benefit-estimation model without disclosing raw operational data is introduced to evaluate the potential effects of the proposed measures through relative indicators such as turnaround-time reduction, connection-time improvement, hub-throughput improvement, and locomotive-utilization improvement.