老龄化进程中康养景观的社会支持功能与发展路径研究

Research on the Social Support Function and Development Path of Therapeutic Landscapes in the Process of Population Ageing

摘要: 在全球及国内人口老龄化加剧的背景下，康养景观不仅是提升老年人身心健康的物理媒介，更是维系社会连接、促进社会参与、重建社会资本的重要社会空间。然而，当前康养景观实践中仍存在社会支持功能弱化、空间配置阶层分化、社会排斥加剧及社会资本再生产机制缺失等结构性困境。基于社会空间理论与空间正义视角，本文提出了五大社会学发展路径：首先，构建“全域化”社会支持网络，通过空间正义实现康养资源的普惠性分配；其次，深化“循证设计”的社会嵌入性，基于社会分层理论实现精准化社会服务供给；第三，强化“社会参与”机制，通过园艺疗法等集体活动促进社会连接与社会资本积累；第四，推动“数智化”技术赋能，构建智慧化社会支持系统以强化代际互动与社会融入；第五，推行“多元共治”的社会治理模式，建立政府–市场–社区–家庭的协同支持网络。本文旨在为老龄化社会的空间正义实践提供社会学理论支撑，助力实现“积极老龄化”战略下的社会整合与代际和谐。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of intensifying population ageing both globally and domestically, therapeutic landscapes are not merely physical media for enhancing the physical and mental well-being of the elderly, but also important social spaces for maintaining social connections, promoting social participation, and rebuilding social capital. However, current practices in therapeutic landscape design still face structural dilemmas such as weakened social support functions, stratified spatial allocation, intensified social exclusion, and lack of social capital reproduction mechanisms. Based on the theories of social space and spatial justice, this paper proposes five sociological development paths: First, constructing an “all-domain” social support network to achieve equitable distribution of therapeutic resources through spatial justice; Second, deepening the social embeddedness of “Evidence-Based Design” to realize precise social service supply based on social stratification theory; Third, strengthening “social participation” mechanisms to promote social bonding and social capital accumulation through collective activities such as horticultural therapy; Fourth, promoting “digital and intelligent” empowerment to build intelligent social support systems that strengthen intergenerational interaction and social integration; Fifth, implementing “multi-stakeholder co-governance” social governance models to establish collaborative support networks among government, market, community, and family. This paper aims to provide sociological theoretical support for spatial justice practices in an ageing society, contributing to social integration and intergenerational harmony under the “Active Ageing” strategy.