社会再生产理论视域下中国人口老龄化问题研究

Research on China’s Population Aging from the Perspective of Social Reproduction Theory

摘要: 中国已进入中度老龄化社会，“未富先老”特征逐渐凸显，人口老龄化对经济社会的系统性冲击不断加深。从马克思主义社会再生产理论的视角出发，人口老龄化对生产、分配、交换、消费环节以及劳动力的再生产造成了一系列冲击，究其本质则可以概括为劳动力再生产与物质资料再生产的协同失衡。基于上述分析，探究以制度供给优化与多元主体协同为核心的全环节应对路径，有利于为积极应对人口老龄化提供理论依据与实践指引。

Abstract: China has entered a stage of moderate population aging, with the characteristic of “growing old before growing rich” becoming increasingly pronounced. The systemic impact of population aging on the economy and society continues to intensify. From the perspective of Marxist social reproduction theory, population aging exerts multifaceted pressures on the interconnected processes of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, as well as on the reproduction of labor power. In essence, these pressures can be understood as a structural disequilibrium between the reproduction of labor power and the reproduction of material means of production. Based on the foregoing analysis, exploring a comprehensive response framework centered on the optimization of institutional supply and the coordination of multiple actors across all stages of social reproduction will help provide both a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for actively addressing population aging.