农村人口空心化与老龄化协同治理研究——基于唯物史观的考察

A Study on the Synergistic Governance of Rural Population Hollowing and Aging—An Examination Based on Historical Materialism

摘要: 在当今城镇化的快速进程中，农村人口空心化与老龄化相互交织，成为制约乡村全面振兴和实现共同富裕的重大现实问题。传统将二者割裂开来的治理方式，往往容易陷入“治标不治本”的困境。本文以马克思主义唯物史观为指导，认为农村空心化与老龄化本质上是城乡发展不平衡、生产关系不适应生产力的发展需求在人口结构上的集中反映。文章深入剖析了二者相互加剧的内在逻辑，指出当前在治理主体、资源配置、服务供给及物质基础等方面存在的痛点。基于马克思主义关于人与环境、生产力与生产关系、人的全面发展的理论，提出必须坚持系统观念，通过优化村庄布局改善人的生存环境，通过组织群众发展互助养老激发主体力量，通过壮大集体经济夯实物质基础，通过完善公共服务体现制度优越性，最终实现农村人口结构优化与养老质量提升的协同共治。

Abstract: In the context of rapid urbanization, the deep intertwining of rural demographic hollowing-out and aging has emerged as a major practical bottleneck constraining comprehensive rural revitalization and the realization of common prosperity. Traditional governance paradigms, which treat these two phenomena in isolation, often fall into the dilemma of addressing symptoms rather than root causes. Guided by Marxist historical materialism, this paper argues that rural hollowing-out and aging are essentially the concentrated reflections of unbalanced urban-rural development and the mismatch between production relations and the developmental needs of productive forces in demographic structures. This study deeply analyzes the internal logic of their mutual reinforcement, identifying current critical bottlenecks in governance subjects, resource allocation, service provision, and material foundations. Drawing on Marxist theories regarding the dialectical unity of humans and their environment, productive forces and production relations, and the comprehensive development of individuals, this paper proposes a systematic governance approach. By optimizing village spatial layouts to improve human living environments, organizing mutual-aid elderly care to mobilize subjective agency, expanding the collective economy to consolidate the material base, improving public services to manifest the superiority of the system, this study ultimately aims to achieve a synergistic governance of rural demographic structure optimization and elderly care quality enhancement.