数字化转型对中国企业进口的影响研究——基于扩大内需视角

Digital Transformation and Its Impact on Import by Chinese Enterprises—From the Perspective of Expanding Domestic Demand

摘要: 进口贸易是衔接国内外市场、促进消费升级与产业高端化的重要纽带。但进口结构与内需错配制约内需释放与经济提质。企业数字化转型通过构建“需求引导供给”模式，为破解此困境提供新视角。本文基于扩大内需视角，利用2007~2016年上市公司与海关进口微观匹配数据，构建数字化转型评价体系，运用固定效应模型检验其对进口规模与结构的影响及机制。结果表明，数字化转型显著促进进口规模与结构优化，主要通过增加消费需求、强化供需适配性和降低交易成本实现。异质性分析显示，东部地区效应显著，中西部地区不显著。

Abstract: Import trade serves as a vital link connecting domestic and international markets and promoting consumption upgrading and industrial high-end development. However, the mismatch between import structure and domestic demand constrains the release of domestic demand and the improvement of economic quality. Enterprise digital transformation provides a new perspective for resolving this dilemma by constructing a “demand-driven supply” model. From the perspective of expanding domestic demand, this paper uses matched data from Chinese listed companies and customs import microdata for the period 2007~2016, constructs a digital transformation evaluation system, and employs a fixed effects model to examine its impact on the scale and structure of imports and the underlying mechanism. The results show that digital transformation significantly promotes the optimization of import scale and structure, mainly by increasing consumer demand, strengthening supply-demand matching, and reducing transaction costs. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this effect is significant in the eastern region but not significant in the central and western regions.