网络诽谤自诉案件的证据法困境与破解路径研究

Research on Evidentiary Dilemmas and Solutions in Private Prosecution Cases of Online Defamation

摘要: 网络诽谤自诉案件面临事实认定与证明的双重证据法困境。一方面，“捏造事实”“情节严重”等构成要件在网络环境下判断标准模糊；另一方面，刑事诉讼的高证明标准与自诉人有限举证能力存在结构性失衡。本文立足证据法基本原理，系统分析上述困境，并从规范认定标准、完善协助取证机制、强化证据固定技术、优化证明规则等方面提出解决方案。

Abstract: Private prosecution cases of online defamation face dual evidentiary dilemmas in fact-finding and proof. On the one hand, the criteria for determining constitutive elements such as “fabricating facts” and “serious circumstances” are ambiguous in the online environment. On the other hand, there is a structural imbalance between the high proof standard of criminal procedure and the limited evidence-gathering ability of private prosecutors. Based on the basic principles of evidentiary law, this paper systematically analyzes the above dilemmas and proposes solutions from the aspects of standardizing determination criteria, improving the evidence collection assistance mechanism, strengthening evidence preservation technology, and optimizing proof rules.