数智时代劳动者个人信息保护现实困境与治理路径研究

A Study on the Practical Dilemmas and Governance Paths of Workers’ Personal Information Protection in the Digital Intelligence Era

摘要: 数智时代给劳动者的个人信息保护带来了巨大挑战，劳动法相关理论必须对此做出回应。首先，用人单位滥用“知情同意规则”，过度收集劳动者的个人信息，加剧了劳动者权益受侵害的风险。《民法典》和《个人信息保护法》等通用性法律已经不足以提供周全保护，必须构建精细化立法。收集劳动者信息的本身目的是支付薪酬、方便用人单位管理，但被部分用人单位将其异化为预测离职倾向、工作投入度的指标。因此，劳动法应与差分隐私、联邦学习等数字治理工具相结合，有效规制用人单位的违法收集劳动者个人信息的行为，弥补现行劳动法律规定的缺失，应对数智时代带来的挑战。

Abstract: The digital age poses significant challenges to the protection of workers’ personal information, and labor law theories must respond accordingly. First, employers abuse the “informed consent” rule by excessively collecting workers’ personal information, thereby exacerbating the risk of infringement upon workers’ rights. General laws such as the Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law are no longer sufficient to provide comprehensive protection, necessitating more refined legislation. The original purpose of collecting workers’ information is to facilitate payroll administration and workforce management, but some employers have distorted this practice into a tool for predicting turnover intentions and work engagement levels. Therefore, labor law should be integrated with digital governance tools such as differential privacy and federated learning to effectively regulate employers’ illegal collection of workers’ personal information, fill the gaps in current labor legislation, and address the challenges brought by the digital age.