文昌站浅层风特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Near-Surface Wind in Wenchang

摘要: 为了提升浅层风预报的准确度，本文利用2015~2020年文昌市龙楼地面常规气象观测资料，采用四季划分法、统计方法和相似理论方法，对浅层风的时空变化特征进行分析，总结文昌市龙楼的浅层风分布规律及其影响系统。文昌市龙楼的最大风常出现在11、12月，9月为风速最小的月份，除4月处于季节转换期，风速较大，整体风速分布呈现“冬春大，夏秋小”的特点；风速昼夜变化明显，白天大，夜晚小。根据季节变化，将文昌市龙楼不同高度层的浅层风垂直变化特征分为三类：近似线性分布、单波型分布和双波型分布，风速廓线分布符合对数–线性规律，春季呈现近似线性分布，夏秋两季呈现单波型分布，冬季呈现双波型分布。筛选研究区域的浅层风大风天气，获取浅层风大风日数数据，总结大风日数的分布规律，分析出现大风日时影响该地区的天气系统。研究区域内的大风日主要分布在11、12、1月，夏秋季节大风日较少。影响文昌浅层风天气的天气系统主要有冷空气、低槽系统、热带气旋以及热带气旋与冷空气共同影响等。总结天气系统带来的强浅层风天气，研究结果可以为场区航天器发射时提供参考。

Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of shallow wind prediction, this paper uses the conventional surface meteorological observation data of Longlou in Wenchang from 2015 to 2020, adopts the method of four seasons division, statistical method and similarity theory method to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of shallow wind, and summarizes the distribution law and influence system of shallow wind in Longlou in Wenchang. The highest wind speed in Longlou of Wenchang City usually occurs in November and December, and September is the month with the lowest wind speed. In April, due to the seasonal transition period, the wind speed is high, and the overall wind speed distribution presents the characteristics of “winter and spring are high, summer and autumn are low”. Wind speed changes significantly day and night, big in the day and small at night. According to seasonal change, the different level of Wenchang dragon floor vertical variation characteristics of shallow wind is divided into three categories: the approximate linear distribution, single wave distribution and double wave type distribution, distribution of wind speed profile in log-linear rule, the spring and autumn season two presents the approximate linear distribution, summer present single-wave type distribution, and presents the double wave type distribution in winter. The shallow wind and gale weather in the study area was screened, the data of the shallow wind and gale days were obtained, the distribution rule of the gale days was summarized, and the weather system affecting the region when the gale days appeared was analyzed. The gale days in the study area were mainly distributed in November, December and January, and there were few gale days in summer and autumn. The main weather systems affecting the shallow wind weather in Wenchang include cold air, low trough system, tropical cyclone and the combined effect of tropical cyclone and cold air. The strong shallow wind weather caused by the weather system is summarized. The research results can provide reference for the launch of spacecraft in the field area.