有轨电车混动系统控制与参数优化研究综述

A Review of Control and Parameter Optimization of Hybrid Power Systems for Trams

摘要: 有轨电车混动系统以车载混合储能装置替代或辅助传统接触网供电，兼顾无架线运营灵活性与牵引节能效益，是城市轨道交通绿色化转型的重要方向。本文从混合储能系统拓扑结构与参数设计、能量管理策略优化，以及面向有轨电车的专项控制研究三个维度，对国内外相关进展进行系统梳理与评述。研究表明，电池–超级电容全主动拓扑方案在功率特性互补与控制灵活性方面优势突出；基于庞特里亚金最小值原理、动态规划及深度强化学习的能量管理策略在提升系统综合能效方面成效显著；无架线供电优化与智能自适应控制是当前研究热点。最后对未来研究方向提出展望，以期为相关工程实践与学术研究提供参考。

Abstract: Hybrid power systems for trams, which use onboard hybrid energy storage devices to replace or supplement traditional catenary power supply, provide both the operational flexibility of catenary-free running and the benefit of traction energy saving. They have therefore become an important direction for the green development of urban rail transit. This paper systematically reviews recent research from three perspectives: the topology and parameter design of hybrid energy storage systems, the optimization of energy management strategies, and tram-oriented control methods. The review indicates that the fully active battery-supercapacitor topology offers clear advantages in complementary power characteristics and control flexibility. Energy management strategies based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle, Dynamic Programming, and Deep Reinforcement Learning have shown strong potential for improving overall system efficiency. In addition, catenary-free power supply optimization and intelligent adaptive control have emerged as major research focuses. Finally, future research directions are discussed to provide references for further academic research and engineering applications.