泰国留学生形近字偏误及教学策略研究

Similar-Looking Character Errors of Thai International Students and Relevant Teaching Strategies

摘要: 随着中国国际影响力持续提升、全球汉语学习热潮不断升温，来华求学以及在本土学习汉语的泰国学生规模持续扩大。汉字作为汉语独有的书写符号系统，因其形体结构复杂、形近字数量繁多，成为泰国留学生汉语习得过程中最突出的难点之一。受泰语表音文字体系影响，部分泰国学生在认读、辨识形近字时，容易产生视觉混淆、错认误用等问题，在一定程度上影响汉字学习效率和汉语综合应用能力。本文以泰国来华留学生为研究对象，结合第二语言习得相关理论，依托课堂观察、学习文本分析等方式，系统梳理该群体形近字认读的各类偏误表现，从汉字自身形体特征、母语文字负迁移、学习者认知模式、学习心态以及实际课堂教学等多个维度，深入剖析偏误产生的深层原因，并提出相关教学建议。

Abstract: With the continuous expansion of global demand for Chinese learning, an increasing number of Thai students choose to study in China or learn Chinese in their home country. As the unique writing system of the Chinese language, Chinese characters feature intricate structures and a large number of similar-looking characters, which stand out as a major difficulty for Thai international students in their Chinese acquisition. Influenced by the alphabetic writing system of Thai, some Thai learners tend to have visual confusion, misrecognition and misuse when distinguishing similar-looking characters, which to a certain extent reduces their efficiency of learning Chinese characters and restricts the improvement of their comprehensive Chinese proficiency. Taking Thai international students in China as the research subjects, this study adopts relevant theories of second language acquisition. Based on classroom observation and analysis of learners’ written work, it systematically sorts out various errors in their recognition of similar-looking characters. This paper further explores the underlying causes of such errors from multiple perspectives, including the inherent characteristics of Chinese characters, negative transfer of their mother tongue, learners’ cognitive patterns, learning attitudes and practical teaching conditions, and finally puts forward corresponding teaching strategies.