显隐性翻译下礼貌等效调适——以《傲慢与偏见》译本为例

Politeness Equivalence Adjustment in Overt and Covert Translation—A Case Study of Pride and Prejudice Translations

摘要: 礼貌作为跨文化交际的核心调节机制，其翻译的核心目标是实现“礼貌等效”——在目标语中重建与原文等效的人际功能与交际效果。本文以Brown & Levinson的面子理论、Lakoff的礼貌规则为基础，结合Juliane House的显性–隐性翻译模型，以《傲慢与偏见》原文及英汉经典译本为语料，聚焦英语、汉语在礼貌表达上的跨文化差异(表达直接性、人际取向、形式标记、等级观念)，探讨不同文本类型中礼貌等效的实现路径。其中显性翻译需通过“文化保留 + 注释补充”策略传递源语礼貌的文化内涵，隐性翻译则需借助“形式重构 + 意图适配”策略贴合汉语礼貌规范；礼貌等效的实现并非形式对应，而是通过动态调适平衡源语意图与汉语接受习惯，最终达成跨文化交际的顺畅性。

Abstract: As a core regulatory mechanism of cross-cultural communication, politeness translation aims to achieve politeness equivalence, namely reconstructing equivalent interpersonal functions and communicative effects in target language. Based on Brown & Levinson’s Face Theory and Lakoff’s Politeness Principles, this paper adopts Juliane House’s overt-covert translation model and takes the original text and classic Chinese translations of Pride and Prejudice as research corpus. It centers on cross-cultural disparities of politeness expressions between English and Chinese in directness, interpersonal orientation, formal markers and hierarchy conception, and explores approaches to realize politeness equivalence in varied texts. Overt translation adopts the strategy of cultural reservation plus annotation to convey source-language polite connotations, while covert translation applies form reconstruction and intention adaptation to conform to Chinese politeness norms. Instead of formal correspondence, politeness equivalence is fulfilled by dynamic adjustment to balance original intentions and Chinese reading habits for smooth cross-cultural communication.