晋中方言中词的重叠现象分析——以寿阳话为例

Analysis of Word Reduplication Phenomena in Jinzhong Dialect—A Case Study of Shouyang Dialect

摘要: 晋中方言属于晋语并州片，其词的重叠现象具有鲜明的地域特征。本文以寿阳话为代表，系统考察量词、动词、名词、形容词的重叠形式、语法意义及句法功能。研究发现寿阳话量词重叠的“一AA”式存在歧义，需借助副词“都”才能表达周遍义；动词重叠本身隐含短时少量义，“少”等状语起叠加强化作用；名词重叠极其丰富，主要属于构词层面的派生重叠，不表亲昵或小称；单音节形容词重叠反而减弱程度，与普通话形成反差。与普通话相比，寿阳话重叠总体上“不表小量”，这一特征在晋方言中具有类型学价值。

Abstract: The Jinzhong dialect belongs to the Bingzhou sub-group of the Jin dialect family, and its word reduplication phenomena exhibit distinctive regional characteristics. This paper takes the Shouyang dialect as a representative case and systematically examines the reduplication forms, grammatical meanings, and syntactic functions of classifiers, verbs, nouns, and adjectives. The study finds that the “yi + AA” pattern of classifier reduplication in the Shouyang dialect is ambiguous and requires the adverb dou (‘all’) to express a distributive meaning. Verb reduplication inherently implies a brief or small quantity, with adverbial modifiers such as shao (‘a little’) serving to reinforce this meaning. Noun reduplication is extremely rich but mainly belongs to derivational reduplication at the word-formation level, expressing neither endearment nor diminutive meaning. Monosyllabic adjective reduplication, contrary to Mandarin, weakens the degree of intensity. Compared with Mandarin, Shouyang dialect reduplication generally does not express small quantity, a feature that holds typological value within the Jin dialect group.