前交叉韧带重建术后患者疼痛管理的最佳证据总结

Best Evidence Summary for Pain Management in Patients Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

摘要: 目的：检索、评价及总结前交叉韧带重建术后患者疼痛管理的相关证据，为临床护理人员开展前交叉韧带重建术后疼痛管理提供参考与依据。方法：系统检索国内外数据库、相关指南网站及专业网站中有关前交叉韧带重建术后疼痛管理相关的指南、专家共识、专家意见、临床决策、系统评价、推荐实践和证据总结。检索时限为建库至2026年2月。由2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价、证据提取及整合。结果：最终纳入13篇文献，其中指南2篇、系统评价7篇、随机对照试验4篇。从建立疼痛管理团队、药物镇痛、物理治疗、运动康复、手法康复、心理干预6个方面，共总结证据38条。结论：本研究总结了前交叉韧带重建术后患者疼痛管理的证据，为临床疼痛护理实践提供了相关参考依据，建议护理人员根据临床情景与患者情况应用证据，达到个性化镇痛的目的，减轻患者术后疼痛。

Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to retrieve, appraise, and summarize the best available evidence on pain management for patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to provide evidence-based references for clinical nurses in the management of postoperative pain after ACLR. Methods: Relevant evidence regarding pain management following ACLR was systematically searched from domestic and international databases, guideline repositories, and professional websites. The types of evidence included clinical practice guidelines, expert consensuses, expert opinions, clinical decision support documents, systematic reviews, recommended practices, and evidence summaries. The search period covered database inception to February 2026. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality appraisal, evidence extraction, and evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 13 studies were included, comprising 2 guidelines, 7 systematic reviews, and 4 randomized controlled trials. Thirty-eight evidence statements were summarized across six domains: establishment of a pain management team, pharmacological analgesia, physical therapy, exercise rehabilitation, manual rehabilitation, and psychological interventions. Conclusion: This study summarized the current best evidence on pain management for patients following ACLR, providing evidence-based support for clinical pain nursing practice. It is recommended that nursing staff apply the evidence according to specific clinical contexts and individual patient conditions to achieve personalized pain management and alleviate postoperative pain.