围术期系统护理干预预防老年股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果
Effect of Perioperative Systematic Nursing Interventions in Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Lower Limbs after Hemiarthroplasty for Elderly Femoral Neck Fractures
摘要: 目的：评价围术期系统护理干预对老年股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的预防效果。方法：纳入2021年6月至2025年6月行半髋关节置换的老年股骨颈骨折患者120例，随机分为观察组与对照组各60例。对照组予常规围术期护理，观察组在此基础实施涵盖风险评估、体位管理、早期功能锻炼、机械预防、营养支持及健康宣教的系统护理干预。比较两组的相关评估结果。结果：观察组DVT发生率为3.33%，低于对照组的18.33% (P < 0.05)；术后7d观察组D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平及下肢肿胀程度均低于对照组，首次下床时间早于对照组(均P < 0.05)；观察组护理满意度为96.67%，高于对照组的83.33% (P < 0.05)。结论：围术期系统护理干预可有效降低老年半髋关节置换术后DVT风险，改善高凝状态，加速早期康复进程，并提升护理满意度。
Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the effect of perioperative systematic nursing interventions on preventing lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients after hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. Methods: From June 2021 to June 2025, 120 elderly patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases each. The control group received routine perioperative nursing care, while the observation group received systematic nursing interventions on top of routine care, which included risk assessment, positioning management, early functional exercises, mechanical prevention, nutritional support, and health education. The relevant evaluation results of the two groups were compared. Results: The incidence of DVT in the observation group was 3.33%, lower than 18.33% in the control group (P < 0.05); on postoperative day 7, the observation group had lower D-dimer and fibrinogen levels and less lower limb swelling than the control group, and the first time they got out of bed was earlier (all P < 0.05); nursing satisfaction in the observation group was 96.67%, higher than 83.33% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative systematic nursing interventions can effectively reduce the risk of DVT in elderly patients after hemiarthroplasty, improve hypercoagulable states, accelerate early recovery, and increase nursing satisfaction.
文章引用：郎丽容, 高调娟. 围术期系统护理干预预防老年股骨颈骨折半髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果[J]. 护理学, 2026, 15(7): 183-190. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2026.157231

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