社会资本理论视角下老旧社区居民参与更新治理困境及激活路径——以XF街道为例

Dilemmas and Activation Paths of Residents’ Participation in Renewal Governance of Old Communities from the Perspective of Social Capital Theory—Taking XF Subdistrict as an Example

摘要: 居民参与是老旧社区走向社区治理效能提升的关键所在，而社会资本存量规模大小会影响社区居民参与程度及治理成效。研究以XF街道19个老旧社区的“一社一品”更新项目为田野案例，采用半结构化访谈、田野观察及档案文本分析等定性研究方法。研究发现，案例社区存在三大突出问题：结构型社会资本网络较为松散、关系型社会资本缺乏信任度、认知型社会资本缺少规范。三类问题相互影响进而产生负面循环，造成居民在社区治理当中陷入利益协调艰难、参与意愿低下、参与途径不畅的实际难题。据此，研究提出系统性的居民参与激发途径，即重新塑造多元参与网络来培育结构型社会资本，创建多层信任体系以巩固关系型社会资本，并形成共享规范和价值来完备认知型社会资本，从而激发居民参与热情并优化社区治理效能。

Abstract: Residents’ participation constitutes the linchpin for old communities to boost the effectiveness of community governance, while the stock of social capital exerts an impact on residents’ participation levels and governance outcomes. Taking the “One Community, One Brand” renewal projects across 19 old communities under XF Subdistrict as fieldwork cases, this study adopts qualitative research methods including semi-structured interviews, field observations, and archival document analysis. It finds that the sampled communities suffer from three prominent problems: loosely structured networks of structural social capital, insufficient trust embedded in relational social capital, and a lack of shared norms within cognitive social capital. These three interrelated issues form a vicious cycle, leaving residents trapped in practical predicaments in community governance: difficult interest coordination, low willingness to participate, and inadequate participation channels. To address these dilemmas, this study proposes a systematic framework to stimulate resident participation: cultivating structural social capital by reconstructing diversified participation networks, consolidating relational social capital through building multi-layered trust systems, and perfecting cognitive social capital by forging shared norms and values. These measures jointly serve to mobilize residents’ enthusiasm for participation and improve the overall efficiency of community governance.