就业能力提升导向下高校微专业人才培养模式优化研究

Research on the Optimization of College Micro-Major Talent Training Model Oriented to Employability Improvement

摘要: 在就业形势严峻与产业结构升级的背景下，高校微专业作为传统专业教育的重要补充，在帮助学生拓展跨学科知识、提升就业竞争力方面具有独特优势。然而，当前微专业建设仍面临培养定位模糊、课程体系碎片化、实践教学薄弱、校企协同不深、评价机制不完善等现实困境。文章基于成果导向教育(OBE)理论和人力资本理论，构建“需求牵引–课程重构–实践驱动–评价反馈”四位一体的人才培养模式框架，并从明确培养定位、重构课程体系、推进产教融合、强化项目实践、完善评价机制、健全制度保障等方面提出系统性优化路径，以期提升微专业人才培养与就业市场需求的匹配度。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of a severe employment situation and industrial structural upgrading, as an important supplement to traditional professional education, micro-majors in universities boast unique strengths in assisting students to expand interdisciplinary knowledge and improve their employability. Nevertheless, the construction of current micro-majors is plagued by practical dilemmas, including ambiguous training positioning, fragmented curriculum systems, insufficient practical teaching, shallow university-enterprise cooperation, and imperfect evaluation mechanisms. Based on Outcome-Based Education (OBE) theory and human capital theory, this paper constructs a four-in-one talent cultivation framework featuring “demand orientation-curriculum restructuring-practice-driven development-evaluation and feedback”. Systematic optimization approaches are proposed from six dimensions: clarifying training orientation, restructuring curriculum systems, promoting the integration of industry and education, strengthening project-based practice, perfecting evaluation systems, and improving institutional safeguards, so as to enhance the matching degree between talent cultivation of micro-majors and the demands of the job market.