数字治理赋能乡村基层治理现代化现实困境与优化路径

Digital Governance Empowering the Modernization of Rural Grassroots Governance: Realistic Dilemmas and Optimization Paths

摘要: 数字治理是推进乡村基层治理现代化的核心引擎。在数字乡村与乡村振兴战略协同推进下，数字技术通过数据融通、流程再造、多元协同、精准服务，推动乡村治理从经验主导转向数据驱动、从单向管理转向多元共治。本文以技术社会学为理论视角，选取浙江安吉、湖南韶山两个国家级数字乡村试点，通过实地调研、深度访谈获取一手资料，聚焦技术理性与乡土逻辑冲突、数字监控与村民隐私矛盾两大关键问题，深挖社会文化与政治经济根源。研究表明，当前数字治理仍面临数据融通壁垒、数字基础与素养双重短板、平台长效运营不足、技术赋能与体制改革脱节、数字形式主义凸显等现实梗阻。据此，本文区分中央、地方政府、村集体、企业、村民五大责任主体，针对发达村、普通村、薄弱村分类提出可操作路径，为数字治理深度赋能乡村基层治理现代化提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Digital governance serves as the core engine advancing the modernization of rural grassroots governance. Under the coordinated advancement of the digital countryside and rural revitalization strategies, digital technologies promote the transformation of rural governance from experience-led to data-driven and from one-way administration to pluralistic co-governance through data integration, process reengineering, multi-subject collaboration and targeted services. From the perspective of technological sociology, this paper selects two national-level digital countryside pilot sites, namely Anji in Zhejiang and Shaoshan in Hunan. Based on first-hand data obtained through field research and in-depth interviews, it focuses on two pivotal conflicts: the collision between technological rationality and local rural logic, and the tension between digital surveillance and villagers’ privacy rights, and further explores their socio-cultural, political and economic root causes. The research reveals that current digital governance still faces practical obstacles including barriers to data integration, dual shortcomings in digital infrastructure and public digital literacy, insufficient long-term operation of governance platforms, disconnection between technological empowerment and institutional reform, and prominent digital formalism. Accordingly, this paper defines five responsible subjects including the central government, local governments, village collectives, enterprises and villagers, and puts forward targeted and operable optimization paths for developed villages, ordinary villages and underdeveloped villages respectively, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical reference for in-depth empowerment of rural grassroots governance modernization through digital governance.