基于网络药理学探讨木棉花抗湿疹的作用机制——围绕抗金黄色葡萄球菌的分析

Exploring the Mechanism of Kapok Flower’s Anti-Eczema Effects Based on Network Pharmacology—Focusing on Analysis against Staphylococcus aureus

摘要: 木棉花具有清热利湿、止痒疗疮等疗效，现代药理证实其含黄酮、酚酸、皂苷等多种活性成分，兼具抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节等作用，与湿疹病理环节高度契合。传统研究难以系统揭示其多成分、多靶点的作用机制，网络药理学为中药复杂体系的研究提供了新范式。本文梳理了木棉花的传统应用与化学成分，综述网络药理学在湿疹、银屑病等炎症性皮肤病中的研究进展，聚焦木棉花通过“药物–疾病–菌群”轴干预湿疹的潜在机制。当前研究仍停留在靶点预测与初步实验验证阶段，缺乏“药物–疾病–菌群”系统性网络构建与临床循证证据。希望未来依托网络药理学联合多组学技术，有效推动木棉花抗湿疹的现代化开发与中西医结合方向的应用。

Abstract: Bombax ceiba flower exhibits therapeutic effects including clearing heat, promoting diuresis, relieving pruritus, and treating sores. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that it contains various bioactive components, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and saponins, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities—properties that closely align with the pathological mechanisms of eczema. Traditional research approaches face limitations in systematically elucidating its multi-component, multi-target mechanisms of action. Network pharmacology offers a novel paradigm for investigating the complex systems of traditional Chinese medicine. This article reviews the traditional applications and chemical constituents of Bombax ceiba flower, summarizes the progress of network pharmacology in inflammatory skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis, and focuses on the potential mechanisms by which Bombax ceiba flower intervenes in eczema through the “drug-disease-microbiota” axis. Current research remains at the stage of target prediction and preliminary experimental validation, lacking systematic network construction of the “drug-disease-microbiota” axis and robust clinical evidence. Future efforts integrating network pharmacology with multi-omics technologies are expected to accelerate the modern development of Bombax ceiba flower for eczema treatment and its application in integrative Chinese and Western medicine.