非标准层铝合金模板可调适配评价方法与工程验证

Evaluation Method and Engineering Verification of Adjustable Adaptation for Aluminum Formwork in Non-Standard Floors

摘要: 针对高层住宅非标准层铝合金模板存在标准构件复用困难、反坎吊模高度调节不稳定和局部施工效率降低等问题，本文提出一种面向非标准层施工的铝合金模板可调适配评价方法。依托长春某高层住宅工程，结合标准层层高2.95 m、非标准层层高3.15 m及楼板厚度100~160 mm等条件，从几何适配、成型偏差、施工效率和安全边界4个方面建立评价指标，并形成“BIM识别–局部可调构件–现场复核–数据反馈”的施工流程。结果表明：可调支撑有效调节范围为0~200 mm，对本工程0.20 m层高差的高度适配系数为1.00，满足小幅非标准层高差的几何适配要求；100~160 mm板厚条件下，反坎模板标高偏差控制在±1 mm以内，水平偏移量不大于0.5 mm，调节件变形不大于0.2 mm，综合偏差指数为0.269~0.416，处于成型控制稳定区间；单处反坎吊模安装时间由约15 min缩短至约3 min，效率提升约80%；非标准层墙体垂直度偏差由5 mm降低至2 mm，平整度偏差由4 mm降低至1 mm。研究表明，标准铝模局部可调化可减少非标准构件定制和现场临时补拼工作量，对类似高层住宅非标准层模板施工有参考价值。需要指出的是，本文结论主要基于单项高层住宅工程、0.20 m层高差和100~160 mm板厚范围获得，相关指标和控制建议用于类似小幅非标准层适配工况时具有参考意义，超出该范围的工程仍需结合支撑高度、施工荷载和可调构件类型进行专项复核。

Abstract: To address the problems of limited reuse of standard aluminum formwork components, unstable height control of upstand formwork and reduced construction efficiency in aluminum formwork in non-standard floors of high-rise residential buildings, an adjustable adaptation evaluation method for aluminum formwork in non-standard floors was proposed. Based on a residential project in Changchun, where the standard floor height is 2.95 m, the non-standard floor height is 3.15 m and the slab thickness ranges from 100 mm to 160 mm, evaluation indices were established from four aspects: geometric adaptability, forming deviation, construction efficiency and safety boundary. A construction process of “BIM-based identification - local adjustable components - on-site verification - data feedback” was developed. The results show that the effective adjustment range of the support is 0~200 mm, and the height adaptation coefficient for the 0.20 m floor-height difference is 1.00, meeting the geometric adaptation requirements for small non-standard floor height differences. Under slab thicknesses of 100~160 mm, the elevation deviation of the upstand formwork was controlled within ±1 mm, the horizontal offset was no more than 0.5 mm and the deformation of the positioning device was no more than 0.2 mm. The comprehensive deviation index ranged from 0.269 to 0.416, indicating a stable forming control level. The installation time of a single upstand position was reduced from about 15 min to about 3 min, with an efficiency improvement of about 80%. The non-standard floor wall verticality deviation decreased from 5 mm to 2 mm, and the flatness deviation decreased from 4 mm to 1 mm. The study indicates that local adjustable adaptation of standard aluminum formwork can reduce customized non-standard components and temporary on-site adjustment, providing a practical reference for the construction of non-standard floor formwork in similar high-rise residential projects. It should be noted that the conclusions of this article are mainly based on a single high-rise residential project, a 0.20 m floor height difference, and a 100~160 mm plate thickness range. The relevant indicators and control suggestions are of reference significance for similar small-scale non-standard floor adaptation scenarios. For projects beyond this range, a special review based on the supporting height, construction load, and adjustable component types is still required.