深部巷道能量吸收型支护技术研究进展

Research Progress on Energy-Absorbing Support Technology for Deep Dynamic Pressure Roadways

摘要: 深部开采条件下，动压巷道冲击地压灾害是制约矿山安全生产的关键难题。文章首先聚焦能量吸收型支护体系，梳理围岩破坏机理与能量判据，总结支护设计理念的演变历程。其次，系统分析NPR恒阻锚杆、D-Bolt滑移锚杆、阻尼缓冲构件、超高强套接锚杆四类核心支护单元的工作原理、技术优势与应用短板，结合超载冲击破坏准则、叠加拱理论阐述多级协同支护设计原则，并介绍吸能支架、混凝土支柱等极限承载技术与多模态智能预警体系。研究表明，锚杆与锚索延伸率不匹配、锚固界面脱粘是支护失效的主要诱因；现有吸能支护技术在循环耐久性、多轴受力工况适配、系统协同量化设计等方面仍存在明显短板。最后，梳理当前研究瓶颈，并对该领域未来发展方向进行展望。

Abstract: Under deep mining conditions, rock burst disasters in dynamic pressure roadways pose a critical challenge to mine safety. Firstly, this paper focuses on energy-absorbing support systems, reviews the failure mechanisms of surrounding rock and energy criteria, and summarizes the evolution of support design philosophies. Secondly, it systematically analyzes the working principles, technical advantages, and limitations of four core energy-absorbing support units: NPR constant-resistance bolts, D-Bolt sliding bolts, damping energy-absorbing components, and ultra-high-strength coupled bolts. Combined with the overloading rock burst criterion and the superimposed arch theory, the design principles of multi-level collaborative support systems are elaborated. The paper also introduces ultimate bearing technologies such as energy-absorbing supports and concrete pillars, as well as a multi-modal intelligent early warning system. Research indicates that the mismatch in elongation between rock bolts and cables, along with debonding at the anchoring interface, are the main causes of support failure. Current energy-absorbing support technologies still exhibit significant shortcomings in cyclic durability, adaptability to multi-axial loading conditions, and quantitative design of system synergy. Finally, the study identifies existing research bottlenecks and discusses future development directions in this field.