代际互助式养老的模式建构与可持续性评估——以杭州南星Family项目为例

Model Construction and Sustainability Assessment of Intergenerational Mutual-Assistance Elderly Care—A Case Study of the Nanxing Family Project in Hangzhou

摘要: 为应对我国人口老龄化加深与青年住房压力并存的双重困境，探索城市社区代际互助养老模式的建构逻辑与可持续性，为全国同类社区推广该模式提供参考，本文以杭州市上城区“南星Family”代际互助项目为研究对象，基于公开实践资料、政策文件等相关资料，采用案例分析方法，从模式建构与可持续性评估两个维度展开分析。研究发现，该项目构建了“四元主体 + 服务换住宿 + 社区嵌入”的运作模式，在经济、社会、运营、政策四个维度均表现出较强的可持续潜力，但也存在青年志愿者流动性高、服务供需匹配不足、监管评估机制不完善等问题，因此本文提出构建分层志愿者队伍、推行需求导向服务匹配、完善闭环监管机制优化路径，提升项目可持续性，同时该模式也可为城市社区开展代际互助养老实践提供参考。

Abstract: To address the dual dilemmas of deepening population aging and mounting housing pressure on young people in China, and to explore the construction logic and sustainability of the intergenerational mutual-assistance elderly care model in urban communities, so as to provide references for the promotion of this model in similar communities nationwide, this paper takes the Nanxing Family intergenerational mutual-assistance project in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou as the research object. Based on public practice materials, policy documents and other relevant data, the case study method is adopted to conduct an analysis from two dimensions: model construction and sustainability assessment. The study finds that the project has formed an operation model of “four-party subjects + service-for-accommodation + community embeddedness”, and shows strong sustainability potential in the four dimensions of economy, society, operation and policy. However, it also faces problems such as high turnover of young volunteers, insufficient matching between service supply and demand, and imperfect supervision and evaluation mechanisms. Therefore, this paper proposes optimization paths including building a hierarchical volunteer team, implementing demand-oriented service matching, and improving a closed-loop supervision mechanism, so as to enhance the project sustainability. Meanwhile, this model can also provide references for urban communities to carry out intergenerational mutual-assistance elderly care practices.