金山区2020~2024年公共场所卫生行政处罚案件分析

Analysis of Public Place Health Administrative Penalties in Jinshan District, 2020~2024

摘要: 本研究基于2020~2024年金山区1170起公共场所卫生行政处罚数据，运用Excel、SPSS 26.0开展统计分析与二元Logistic回归，探究案件特征与处罚影响因素，为优化基层监管提供依据。结果表明：案件主要来自日常监督(96.15%)，群众举报占比偏低但逐年提升；简易程序使用率逐年升高，执法裁量趋向轻量化；美容美发、住宿、沐浴场所违法案件占94.62%，住宿场所查处率居首；违法问题集中于用品消毒不规范，执法权下沉后无证营业案件显著减少；处罚多为500元以下小额罚款，高额处罚仅发生在游泳场所。场所类型、案由、年份显著影响处罚力度，高风险场所、复杂违法行为更易从严处置。提出拓宽投诉渠道、推行分级智慧监管、强化执法能力、完善法规提升违法成本等对策，统筹监管精度与覆盖面，提升公共卫生治理水平。

Abstract: Based on data from 1,170 administrative penalties for public health violations in Jinshan District from 2020 to 2024, this study employed Excel and SPSS 26.0 to conduct statistical analysis and binary logistic regression to investigate the characteristics of these cases and the factors influencing penalties, thereby providing a basis for optimizing grassroots regulatory oversight. The results indicate that cases primarily stemmed from routine inspections (96.15%), the proportion of cases resulting from public reports was relatively low but increased year by year; the use of simplified procedures rose annually, and enforcement discretion tended toward leniency; violations in beauty salons, hair salons, lodging facilities, and bathhouses accounted for 94.62% of cases, with lodging facilities having the highest detection rate; violations were concentrated on non-compliant disinfection of supplies, and cases of unlicensed operation decreased significantly following the decentralization of enforcement authority; penalties were mostly small fines of less than 500 yuan, with high-value penalties occurring only at swimming facilities. The type of establishment, nature of the violation, and year significantly influence the severity of penalties, with high-risk establishments and complex violations more likely to be dealt with strictly. Countermeasures proposed include expanding complaint channels, implementing tiered smart supervision, strengthening enforcement capabilities, and improving regulations to increase the cost of non-compliance. These measures aim to balance the precision and coverage of supervision and enhance the level of public health governance.