中药饮片残渣处理装置设计研究

Design Research on Residue Treatment Equipment for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces

摘要: 针对中药饮片生产过程中产生的湿渣含水率高、易腐败发臭、后续处置成本高及环境污染风险大的行业痛点，本文设计了一种基于双轴螺旋挤压、剪切原理的中药饮片残渣处理结构及其智能控制系统。该结构主体采用304不锈钢材质，通过中间双轴的对向旋转剪切与渐进式压缩，实现对药渣中残留药液的强制分离；配置筛分网和集液盒，确保固液分流与回收。硬件设计的结构优化，以适应中药饮片残渣的根茎、叶草等不同形态药材的脱水和碎化需求。软件系统基于PLC架构，集成了端盖安全性、变频调速及过载保护功能，并引入配方管理模式以实现不同中药饮片残渣的最佳脱水参数存储与调用。设备一机两级处理，省去二道工序，良好的经济效益与环境效益，为中药行业固废的减量化、资源化提供了一种切实可行的技术装备方案。

Abstract: To address the industry pain points of high moisture content in wet residues from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces production, susceptibility to spoilage and odor, high disposal costs, and significant environmental pollution risks, this paper designs a TCM decoction residue treatment structure and its intelligent control system based on the principles of dual-shaft screw extrusion and shearing. The main body of the structure is made of 304 stainless steel, achieving forced separation of residual medicinal liquid from the residue through opposing rotation and progressive compression of the intermediate dual shafts. Equipped with a screening mesh and liquid collection box, it ensures solid-liquid separation and recycling. The hardware design is optimized to meet the dehydration and fragmentation requirements of different morphologies of TCM residues, such as roots, stems, leaves, and grasses. The software system, based on a PLC architecture, integrates end cover safety, variable frequency speed regulation, and overload protection functions, while introducing a formula management mode to store and retrieve optimal dehydration parameters for various TCM residues. With a two-stage processing design in a single machine, the equipment eliminates a secondary process, delivering favorable economic and environmental benefits. It provides a practical technical solution for the reduction and resource utilization of solid waste in the TCM industry.