苏州相城区方言词汇代际变化研究——以时令时间词为例

A Study on Intergenerational Changes in the Vocabulary of the Suzhou Xiangcheng District Dialect—Taking Seasonal and Temporal Terms as Examples

摘要: 苏州方言作为吴方言的代表，其词汇是语言交际的直接材料和地域文化的重要载体，值得深入研究。在普通话推广和社会经济转型的环境下，苏州方言的知晓和使用情况在不同代际间存在显著差异。本研究以相城区苏州话中的时令时间词为对象，通过分析老中青三代人的在时令时间词使用上的代际差异，探讨词义演变机制及其与社会因素的关联。研究结果显示，以老年组为词汇参考基准，中年组对传统方言时间时令词的继承程度较高，青年组在部分语义透明度低或农耕文化词汇上，出现了显著的流失现象。方言时令时间词的代际传承与消亡是语言系统适应城市化进程的动态结果，体现了在社会语境变迁下词汇的适应与选择性保留。

Abstract: As a principal representative of the Wu dialect, the Suzhou dialect features a rich vocabulary that functions as both the direct medium for linguistic communication and a vital carrier of regional culture, thereby warranting in-depth scholarly investigation. In the context of Mandarin popularization and rapid socio-economic transformation, the proficiency and application of the Suzhou dialect demonstrate substantial disparities across different generations. This study focuses on the seasonal and temporal vocabulary of the Suzhou dialect within Xiangcheng District. By analyzing the generational discrepancies in the usage of these terms among the elderly, middle-aged, and younger populations, the research explores the mechanisms of semantic evolution and their underlying correlations with various social factors. The findings reveal that, taking the lexical competence of the elderly group as the baseline, the middle-aged group exhibits a robust inheritance of traditional dialectal seasonal and temporal terminology. Conversely, the younger generation experiences significant lexical attrition, particularly concerning words with low semantic transparency or those intrinsically linked to traditional agrarian culture. Ultimately, the generational transmission and demise of these dialectal terms represent the dynamic outcomes of the linguistic system adapting to the urbanization process, embodying the linguistic adaptation and selective retention of vocabulary in response to transforming social contexts.