俄语“拆分”动词语义次范畴化分析

Analysis of the Semantic Subcategorization of Russian “Separation Verbs”

摘要: 本文以俄语“拆分”动词(глаголы разделения)为对象，结合相关词汇、认知、语义方法和理论，对其进行语义次范畴化分析。重点以动作方式、手段、目的、工具、原因、结果、程度、客体性质为次范畴化标准，将拆分动词划分为切分义、分散义、分离义、驱除义、破坏/裂解义5个次范畴，并逐一剖析各个次范畴的语义内涵、实质和核心义素。研究表明，俄语拆分动词次范畴化可通过核心义素的提取和对比得以实现，其语义衍生具有认知隐喻性和规律性特点，可为俄语动词教学与词典编纂提供理论参考。

Abstract: This article takes the Russian “separation verbs” (глаголы разделения) as the object, and combines relevant vocabulary, cognition, semantic methods and theories to conduct a semantic subcategorization analysis of them. Focusing on the mode of action, means, purpose, tools, cause, result, degree, and object nature as the criteria for subcategorization, separation verbs are divided into five subcategories: segmentation, dispersion, split/division, expulsion, and destruction/disintegration, and the semantic connotation, essence, and core semantic features of each subcategory are analyzed in turn. Research indicates that the subcategorization of Russian separation verbs can be achieved through the extraction and comparison of core semantic features; their semantic derivation exhibits cognitive metaphorical and regular characteristics, which can provide a theoretical framework for Russian verb teaching and lexicography.