元代农事诗中的社日与祈雨民俗

Sheri and Rain-Praying Folk Customs in Yuan Dynasty Agricultural Poems

摘要: 诗歌作为重要的文化载体，在一定程度上反映着社会历史背景。农事诗以“农”为核心，不仅是农业文化的重要表现形式，更是农事民俗的生动写照。元代农事诗中继承了前代农事诗的创作传统，真实记录了元代的社日民俗和祈雨民俗。从农事诗中的民俗书写能够看出，社日和祈雨作为中国古代农业社会由来已久的民风民俗，在元代得到了传承。元代农民一年会举办春社秋社两次社日活动，向社神祈求耕作顺利。而为了应对旱情，民间诞生了驱逐旱魃祈雨、祈龙鞭龙祈雨等多种祈雨法，是元代农民对旱灾的积极应对。

Abstract: As an important cultural carrier, poetry reflects the social and historical context to a certain extent. Centered on agriculture, agricultural poems are not only a vital form of agricultural culture but also a vivid portrayal of agricultural folk customs. The agricultural poems of the Yuan Dynasty inherited the creative tradition of previous dynasties and faithfully recorded the Sheri custom and rain-praying custom of the Yuan period. From the folk descriptions in these poems, it can be seen that Sheri and rain-praying, as long-standing folk customs in ancient Chinese agricultural society, were preserved and passed down in the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan peasants held two Sheri ceremonies annually—the Spring She and Autumn She—to pray to the God of Soil for smooth farming. To combat drought, various rain-praying methods emerged among the people, such as expelling the drought demon and invoking or whipping the dragon for rain, representing the active response of Yuan peasants to drought disasters.