失能老人健康促进生活方式现状及影响因素分析——基于IKAP理论视角

Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Health-Promoting Lifestyles among Disabled Elderly—From the Perspective of IKAP Theory

摘要: 目的：了解失能老人健康促进生活方式(HPLP)的现状及影响因素，为基于IKAP理论的延续照护干预提供实证依据。方法：采用横断面调查法，于2025年3~8月对郑州市1392名60岁及以上失能老人进行问卷调查，调查工具包括一般资料调查表和健康促进生活方式量表(HPLP-II)。采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归分析影响因素。结果：失能老人HPLP总得分为(132.00 ± 20.04)分，处于中等水平，各维度得分从高到低依次为自我实现(3.12 ± 0.65)、健康责任(2.95 ± 0.58)、营养(2.88 ± 0.62)、人际关系(2.82 ± 0.59)、压力管理(2.79 ± 0.61)、运动(2.76 ± 0.58)。多元回归分析显示，文化程度(β = 0.088, P = 0.004)、个人月收入(β = 0.132, P < 0.001)、体育锻炼(β = 0.125, P < 0.001)、智能手机使用情况(β = −0.152, P < 0.001)是主要影响因素。结论：失能老人健康促进生活方式存在“知行分离”特征，文化程度与经济条件是基础保障，数字鸿沟是主要制约因素。

Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to understand the current status and influencing factors of Health Promoting Lifestyles for Persons with Disabilities (HPLP) among disabled elderly individuals, and to provide empirical evidence for continuous care interventions based on the IKAP theory. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to August 2025, involving 1392 disabled elderly individuals aged 60 and above in Zhengzhou City. Survey instruments included a general demographic questionnaire and the Health Promoting Lifestyles Profile (HPLP-II). t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine influencing factors. Results: The overall HPLP score for disabled elderly individuals was (132.00 ± 20.04), indicating a moderate level. The scores for each dimension, from highest to lowest, were self-actualization (3.12 ± 0.65), health responsibility (2.95 ± 0.58), nutrition (2.88 ± 0.62), interpersonal relationships (2.82 ± 0.59), stress management (2.79 ± 0.61), and exercise (2.76 ± 0.58). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that education level (β = 0.088, P = 0.004), personal monthly income (β = 0.132, P < 0.001), physical exercise (β = 0.125, P < 0.001), and smartphone usage (β = -0.152, P < 0.001) were the main influencing factors. Conclusion: The HPLP of disabled elderly individuals exhibits a characteristic of “separation of knowledge and action”. Education level and economic conditions serve as basic guarantees, while the digital divide is the main constraint.